Large meal–dominant meal patterns in later pregnancy were associated with higher glycaemic index and greater prevalence of macrosomia. Women with raised BMI changed eating patterns as pregnancy progressed, moving from main meal–dominant to snack-dominant patterns. Infant birth weight (kg) and macrosomia were highest among participants with a large meal–dominant pattern at 28 weeks (P = 0.030 and P = 0.008, respectively). Dietary glycaemic index was lower among the main meal versus large meal–dominant pattern at 28 weeks (P = 0.018). A main meal–dominant pattern prevailed at 16 weeks’ (85.3%) and a snack-dominant pattern at 28 weeks’ (68.5%).
Three meal pattern categories were identified: ‘main meal dominant’ (3 main eating occasions + 0–3 snacks), ‘large meal dominant’ (≤ 2 main eating occasions + 3 snacks and ≤ 2 main + ≥ 2 snacks). Outcomes include maternal blood glucose, insulin resistance, gestational diabetes, gestational weight gain and infant anthropometry. Meal pattern data were analysed from 3-day food diaries at 16 and 28 weeks’ gestation. Prospective, observational analysis of pregnant women (n = 143) (BMI 25–39.9 kg/m²). To determine if maternal meal patterns are associated with dietary intakes and pregnancy outcomes.
To identify categories of meal patterns among pregnant women with overweight and obesity and determine whether patterns change with advancing gestation.
While meal patterns have the potential to influence obstetric, metabolic and anthropometric measures for mother and infant, limited data exists regarding meal patterns among pregnant women with raised BMI. Nutrient intakes are known to be poorer among pregnant women with raised body mass index (BMI) than those with a healthy BMI.
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